Signature reports

Divided by Design

“Divided by Design” uncovers the profound impacts of transportation decisions on socio-economic and environmental landscapes, revealing a legacy of division that continues to affect marginalized neighborhoods.

How today’s policies and decisions inflict damage and perpetuate past harms

The transportation or land-use professionals and policymakers practicing today are not the ones responsible for the mistakes made decades ago, nor for the racial inequities that were literally built into our communities. But two other things are also true:

First Truth:

The problems created by the kinds of decisions outlined in Part I—like neighborhoods with poor transit access, divided by a highway, or lacking basics like sidewalks— do need to be solved by today’s professionals.

Second Truth:

The current approach at all levels consists of ingrained, decades-old transportation policies, funding systems, models, and measures which have their roots in that same history. Today’s current approach inflicts similar damage and fails to address the damage of the past.

Part II is long, covering two distinct areas

Part A: How today’s models, measures, and policies make things worse

  • Value of time, delay, and congestion
  • The failure to measure or account for induced demand
  • Level of service
  • Forgiving street design, but only for drivers and passengers
  • Setting speed limits to accommodate speeders

Read Part A

Part II is long, covering two distinct areas

Part B: The inequities that result from today’s approach

  • Car-orientation leaves people vulnerable
  • Deadly roads for people walking
  • More traffic = more pollution = worse health outcomes
  • Unaffordable homes in locations with low transportation costs
  • People repeatedly dislocated by road expansions
  • Expansion steals money from repair

Read Part B

What We Learned

To repair the damage of existing transportation investment and prevent future harm, first and foremost, impacted communities must be centered in the decision making around investment in their community and the vision for their future.

We cannot truly rebuild the fabric of these communities without prioritizing those who have been marginalized or disenfranchised by past decisions. Some agencies and practitioners are moving from a public engagement to a co-creation model, which is exactly what is needed. But to ensure that the co-created vision is realized, there are a lot of barriers to knock down.

To advance these goals, we propose four broad recommendations, with several specifics under each.

Read Part III: Recommendations

Download Divided by Design 2023

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